The Proximity of Cannabis Shops: A Double-Edged Sword?
A comprehensive study involving over 60,000 adult residents of Oregon reveals a fascinating trend: living near cannabis retail outlets correlates with increased cannabis consumption while simultaneously reducing heavy alcohol intake. This research, spearheaded by David Kerr, a scientist at Oregon State University, analyzed nearly a decade's worth of data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a telephone survey managed by the Oregon Health Authority.
Interestingly, participants did not need to be aware of the cannabis store locations; researchers determined this by matching participants' ZIP codes with the addresses of licensed cannabis retailers.
Kerr states, "The key takeaway is that Oregonians residing closer to a higher number of licensed cannabis retailers are significantly more likely to consume cannabis 10 or more days each month compared to those in areas with fewer shops. Additionally, those living nearer to these retailers reported lower instances of heavy drinking."
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, heavy drinking is defined as consuming eight or more drinks per week for women and 15 or more for men.
The study's findings were particularly pronounced among two age demographics: individuals aged 21-24 and those 65 and older. For the younger group, Kerr highlights that their brains are still maturing, particularly the areas sensitive to cannabis's harmful effects. He points out that the ages of 21-24 represent a critical period for the onset of cannabis use disorder, characterized by continued use despite adverse consequences, such as social issues or neglecting responsibilities at home, work, or school, and using cannabis in dangerous situations, like driving.
Kerr emphasizes, "These findings indicate a pressing need for age-appropriate, multi-faceted prevention strategies. Communities could greatly benefit from policies that address the increasing evidence that cannabis products and retail outlets are marketed in ways that attract young adults, many of whom reside in areas with abundant retail access and are more likely to purchase high-potency products."
Conversely, among older adults, perceptions of the risks associated with regular cannabis use have diminished in recent years, particularly among those with chronic illnesses who may use cannabis for medicinal purposes, often in ways that lack scientific backing or introduce new health risks.
Kerr notes, "It's a complex situation. While cannabis is recognized as effective for certain conditions like chronic pain and poses less risk than opioids, it’s also true that reducing alcohol consumption is generally better for health than excessive drinking."
He speculates that individuals are not necessarily choosing their residences based on the number of nearby cannabis retailers; rather, the increased availability of these shops may influence local behaviors.
Since 2015, Oregon has permitted the retail sale of recreational cannabis products. State regulations allow counties and cities to prohibit retail cannabis operations, but such bans only apply to unincorporated areas.
Kerr concludes, "The regulation of retail access to cannabis products can be approached in various ways and implemented at different governmental levels. It is crucial to carefully consider policies and prevention strategies that balance the objectives of cannabis legalization with potential risks."
This research received support from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, part of the National Institutes of Health. The findings will soon be published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
What do you think? Is the increase in cannabis use a cause for concern, or does it represent a healthier alternative to alcohol? Share your thoughts!
